Quorum sensing QS is a mechanism of synthesis and detection of signaling molecules to regulate gene expression and coordinate behaviors in bacterial populations. In Bacillus subtilis , multiple paralog Rap-Phr QS systems receptor-signaling peptides are highly redundant and multifunctional, interconnecting the regulation of differentiation processes such as sporulation and competence. However, their functions in the Bacillus cereus group are largely unknown. We evaluated the functions of Rap proteins in Bacillus thuringiensis Bt, which codes for eight Rap-Phr systems; these were individually overexpressed to study their participation in sporulation, biofilm formation, spreading, and extracellular proteolytic activity. We foresee that functions performed by Rap proteins of Bt could also be carried out by Rap homologs in other strains within the B. These results indicate that Rap-Phr systems constitute a highly multifunctional and redundant regulatory repertoire that enables B.


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Written by Uday Kapur Published on Uday Kapur puts together a definitive guide to the best of the next generation of rappers in the Indian scene today. At this point, enough people have waxed lyrical about the Indian hip-hop scene and its purveyors. What do Indian parents think about all this Bombay 70 and Dilli 18 nonsense? Are they scared to death, scared to look? Are they shook?
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